HMPV: The silent virus making a serious comeback

In recent years, viruses have captured global attention due to their impact on human health like the way covid did. One such virus making headlines these days is HMPV or Human Metapneumovirus.
Although the virus is not entirely new, it was discovered in 2001. It is in the spotlight these days and a serious growing health concern. Let’s dive into the world of HMPV to learn about this mysterious virus and
everything related.

What is HMPV?

HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is a respiratory virus that belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and measles. It causes a wide range of lower respiratory tract illnesses including but not limited to a cough, sore throat, fever, headache, and muscle aches. HMPV primarily affects and is prevalent and common in children, old people, and immune-compromised individuals, but now it has developed to target everyone.

Symptoms of HMPV

It’s a disease that manifests itself through several symptoms which can be rather mild at times such as flu or cold. However, in its more severe forms, it can lead to respiratory complications which is a serious
concern.

Common symptoms are;

Fever
Cough
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Fatigue

Severe Symptoms are;

Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop
severe symptoms.

How does the HMPV Virus spread?

• Contact with a person who is infected.
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face ( mouth, nose, or eyes)
• Respiratory droplets from coughing, spraying, droplets, both talking and even through sneezing.
• Similar to RSV and flu, HMPV is most active during late winter and spring.

How is HMPV diagnosed?

HMPV as said above, overlaps with other respiratory viruses, which means it can be difficult to diagnose Nevertheless, some techniques that could assist in diagnosis include:
1. Testing via nasopharyngeal swabs to detect the virus.
2. PCR tests ( polymerase chain reaction) for confirming the presence of HMPV
3. In more advanced cases of diagnosis, CT scans or even X-rays can be done to check whether or not there are indications of lungs getting affected.

Is HMPV Dangerous?

In most cases, HMPV causes mild self-limiting disease. However, in the case of children and persons with complications, it may result in bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and in extreme cases respiratory failure.

Treatment of HMPV

Till now, there has been no antiviral management of HMPV.
Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms:
(1) Rest and stay hydrated.
(2) Over-the-counter medications for fever and pain like acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
(3) Oxygen therapy may be required in some cases of the disease.
In extreme situations, hospitalization may be required for respiratory support.

Preventing HMPV: Simple steps to stay safe

Prevention steps for HMPV are just like the general measures to avoid getting any other respiratory illness:

1. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

2. Avoid contact with those who are infected, and avoid touching things touched by those infected too.

3. Disinfect places that everyone comes into contact with, including doors, phones, handles, lift buttons, toilet handles, sink taps, etc.

4. Maintain good respiratory hygiene: cover your mouth when you are coughing or sneezing.

5. Stay at home if you’re feeling unwell.
Although there is no vaccine for HMPV yet, scientists are actively working on developing one and hopefully, It will arrive soon.

Understanding the rising concern of HMPV

The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is transforming into a public illness concern because of its increased detection rates in respiratory infections. As mentioned above, Enhanced diagnostic tools, as well as growing awareness, have resulted in more recognized illnesses. Additionally, co-infections of other pathogen categories add pressure to the healthcare system.
This emphasizes the importance of being vigilant regarding respiratory health. It is therefore important that everyone follow preventive measures vigorously and get medical help when complications with HMPV are deemed necessary. It can be severe in some cases but most people go back to normalcy after receiving adequate treatment. Stay informed, practice good hygiene, and prioritize your health—these are your best defenses against any virus.
Stay safe and healthy.